LEMBAR KERJA SISWA (LKS)
PEMBELAJARAN VIRUS CORONA ( COVID-19)
PETUNUJUK PENGISIAN LKS :
1. Cermatilah berbagai informasi tentang Virus dan Virus Corona dari berbagai sumber baik yang diberikan oleh guru atau berasal dari sumber lain yang dapat siswa akses dari berbagai mas media.
2. Materi pada LKS ini hanya merupakan salah satu sumber belajar alternatif
3. Isilah/lakukan tugas yang diberikan dalam LKS dengan lengkap
4. Untuk tugas berupa produk rancangan, dikumpulkan pada saat Proses Pembelajaran melalui tatap muka mulai aktif kembali (produk difoto terlebih dahulu dan dikirim melalui media sosial yang dapat terhubung dengan wali kelas masing-masing )
5. Tugas diserahkan paling lambat tanggal 21 Maret 2020
MATERI :
INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOL TO RESPONSE COVID-19
(Sumber : World Health Organization)
The Global Response & Next Steps
1. The COVID-19 virus is a new pathogen that is highly contagious, can spread quickly, and must be considered capable of causing enormous health, economic and societal impacts in any setting. It is not SARS and it is not influenza. Building scenarios and strategies only on the basis of well-known pathogens risks failing to exploit all possible measures to slow transmission of the COVID-19 virus, reduce disease and save lives.
COVID-19 is not SARS and it is not influenza. It is a new virus with its own characteristics. For example, COVID-19 transmission in children appears to be limited compared with influenza, while the clinical picture differs from SARS. Such differences, while based on limited data, may be playing a role in the apparent efficacy of rigorously 19 applied non-pharmaceutical, public health measures to interrupt chains of human-tohuman transmission in a range of settings in China. The COVID-19 virus is unique among human coronaviruses in its combination of high transmissibility, substantial fatal outcomes in some high-risk groups, and ability to cause huge societal and economic disruption. For planning purposes, it must be assumed that the global population is susceptible to this virus. As the animal origin of the COVID-19 virus is unknown at present, the risk of reintroduction into previously infected areas must be constantly considered. The novel nature, and our continuously evolving understanding, of this coronavirus demands a tremendous agility in our capacity to rapidly adapt and change our readiness and response planning as has been done continually in China. This is an extraordinary feat for a country of 1.4 billion people.
2. China’s uncompromising and rigorous use of non-pharmaceutical measures to contain transmission of the COVID-19 virus in multiple settings provides vital lessons for the global response. This rather unique and unprecedented public health response in China reversed the escalating cases in both Hubei, where there has been widespread community transmission, and in the importation provinces, where family clusters appear to have driven the outbreak.
Although the timing of the outbreak in China has been relatively similar across the country, transmission chains were established in a wide diversity of settings, from megacities in the north and south of the country, to remote communities. However, the rapid adaptation and tailoring of China’s strategy demonstrated that containment can be adapted and successfully operationalized in a wide range of settings. China’s experience strongly supports the efficacy and effectiveness of anchoring COVID19 readiness and rapid response plans in a thorough assessment of local risks and of utilizing a differentiated risk-based containment strategy to manage the outbreak in areas with no cases vs. sporadic cases vs. clusters of cases vs. community-level transmission. Such a strategy is essential for ensuring a sustainable approach while minimizing the socio-economic impact.
3. Much of the global community is not yet ready, in mindset and materially, to implement the measures that have been employed to contain COVID-19 in China. These are the only measures that are currently proven to interrupt or minimize transmission chains in humans. Fundamental to these measures is extremely proactive surveillance to immediately detect cases, very rapid diagnosis and immediate case isolation, rigorous tracking and quarantine of close contacts, and an exceptionally high degree of population understanding and acceptance of these measures.
Achieving the high quality of implementation needed to be successful with such measures requires an unusual and unprecedented speed of decision-making by top leaders, operational thoroughness by public health systems, and engagement of society. 20 Given the damage that can be caused by uncontrolled, community-level transmission of this virus, such an approach is warranted to save lives and to gain the weeks and months needed for the testing of therapeutics and vaccine development. Furthermore, as the majority of new cases outside of China are currently occurring in high and middleincome countries, a rigorous commitment to slowing transmission in such settings with non-pharmaceutical measures is vital to achieving a second line of defense to protect low income countries that have weaker health systems and coping capacities. The time that can be gained through the full application of these measures – even if just days or weeks – can be invaluable in ultimately reducing COVID-19 illness and deaths. This is apparent in the huge increase in knowledge, approaches and even tools that has taken place in just the 7 weeks since this virus was discovered through the rapid scientific work that has been done in China.
4. The time gained by rigorously applying COVID-19 containment measures must be used more effectively to urgently enhance global readiness and rapidly develop the specific tools that are needed to ultimately stop this virus.
COVID-19 is spreading with astonishing speed; COVID-19 outbreaks in any setting have very serious consequences; and there is now strong evidence that non-pharmaceutical interventions can reduce and even interrupt transmission. Concerningly, global and national preparedness planning is often ambivalent about such interventions. However, to reduce COVID-19 illness and death, near-term readiness planning must embrace the large-scale implementation of high-quality, non-pharmaceutical public health measures. These measures must fully incorporate immediate case detection and isolation, rigorous close contact tracing and monitoring/quarantine, and direct population/community engagement. A huge array of COVID-19 studies, scientific research projects and product R&D efforts are ongoing in China and globally. This is essential and to be encouraged and supported. However, such a large number of projects and products needs to be prioritized. Without prioritizing, this risks compromising the concentration of attention and resources and collaboration required to cut timelines by precious weeks and months. While progress has been made, the urgency of the COVID-19 situation supports an even more ruthless prioritization of research in the areas of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. Similarly, there is a long list of proposed studies on the origins of COVID-19, the natural history of the disease, and the virus’s transmission dynamics. However, the urgency of responding to cases and saving lives makes it difficult for policy makers to consider and act on such comprehensive lists. This can be addressed by balancing studies with the immediate public health and clinical needs of the response. Studies can be prioritized in terms of the largest knowledge gaps that can be most rapidly addressed to have greatest immediate impact on response operations and patient management. This suggests prioritizing studies to identify risk factors for transmission in households, institutions and the community; convenience sampling for this virus in the population using existing surveillance systems; age-stratified sero-epidemiologic surveys; the analysis of clinical case series; and cluster investigations.
For countries with imported cases and/or outbreaks of COVID-19
1. Immediately activate the highest level of national Response Management protocols to ensure the all-of-government and all-of-society approach needed to contain COVID-19 with non-pharmaceutical public health measures;
2. Prioritize active, exhaustive case finding and immediate testing and isolation, painstaking contact tracing and rigorous quarantine of close contacts;
3. Fully educate the general public on the seriousness of COVID-19 and their role in preventing its spread;
4. Immediately expand surveillance to detect COVID-19 transmission chains, by testing all patients with atypical pneumonias, conducting screening in some patients with upper respiratory illnesses and/or recent COVID-19 exposure, and adding testing for the COVID-19 virus to existing surveillance systems (e.g. systems for influenza-like-illness and SARI); and 22
5. Conduct multi-sector scenario planning and simulations for the deployment of even more stringent measures to interrupt transmission chains as needed (e.g. the suspension of large-scale gatherings and the closure of schools and workplaces).
For uninfected countries
1. Prepare to immediately activate the highest level of emergency response mechanisms to trigger the all-of-government and all-of society approach that is essential for early containment of a COVID-19 outbreak;
2. Rapidly test national preparedness plans in light of new knowledge on the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical measures against COVID-19; incorporate rapid detection, largescale case isolation and respiratory support capacities, and rigorous contact tracing and management in national COVID-19 readiness and response plans and capacities;
3. Immediately enhance surveillance for COVID-19 as rapid detection is crucial to containing spread; consider testing all patients with atypical pneumonia for the COVID-19 virus, and adding testing for the virus to existing influenza surveillance systems;
4. Begin now to enforce rigorous application of infection prevention and control measures in all healthcare facilities, especially in emergency departments and outpatient clinics, as this is where COVID-19 will enter the health system; and
5. Rapidly assess the general population’s understanding of COVID-19, adjust national health promotion materials and activities accordingly, and engage clinical champions to communicate with the media.
For the public
1. Recognize that COVID-19 is a new and concerning disease, but that outbreaks can managed with the right response and that the vast majority of infected people will recover;
2. Begin now to adopt and rigorously practice the most important preventive measures for COVID-19 by frequent hand washing and always covering your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing;
3. Continually update yourself on COVID-19 and its signs and symptoms (i.e. fever and dry cough), because the strategies and response activities will constantly improve as new information on this disease is accumulating every day; and
4. Be prepared to actively support a response to COVID-19 in a variety of ways, including the adoption of more stringent ‘social distancing’ practices and helping the high-risk elderly population. 23
For the international community
1. Recognize that true solidarity and collaboration is essential between nations to tackle the common threat that COVID-19 represents and operationalize this principle;
2. Rapidly share information as required under the International Health Regulations (IHR) including detailed information about imported cases to facilitate contact tracing and inform containment measures that span countries;
3. Recognize the rapidly changing risk profile of COVID-19 affected countries and continually monitor outbreak trends and control capacities to reassess any ‘additional health measures’ that significantly interfere with international travel and trade.
KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN :
1. Terjemahkanlah, cermati dan pahami artikel berjudul INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOL TO RESPONSE COVID-19 untuk memahami virus Corona.
2. Carilah berbagai sumber belajar tentang Virus Corona, dapat bersumber dari guru atau hasil browsing oleh siswa sendiri.
3. Virus memiliki beberapa jenis, secara umum memiliki karakteristik, klasifikasi dan penyakit-penyakit yang dapat disebabkannya yang khas . Analisislah karakteristik virus berdasarkan :
A. Ciri-ciri virus
Ciri-ciri virus corona hampir mirip dengan gejala flu, di antaranya:
• Demam tinggi lebih dari 38 derajat Celsius
• Batuk kering
• Lemas
• Sakit tenggorokan
• Sesak atau kesulitan bernapas
• Sakit kepala
B. Bentuk virus
Coronavirus, sebagai sebuah keluarga di beri nama berdasarkan kemiripan bentuknya dengan corona atau mahkota
C. Struktur virus
Virus ini ada keanehan, yaitu virus corona wuhan punya tambahan struktur yang ada dalam dirinya yang tidak dipunyai SARS ataupun Mers. yang membedakan di kalangan pengamatan bahwa ini tambahan buatan atau tambahan alam
D. Cara hidup virus
Pasien yang terkena virus corona ternyata masih berpotensi tetap menyimpan virus tersebut dalam sistem pernapasannya selama 37 hari ke depan. Hal ini berdasarkan temuan baru yang menyatakan pasien yang terkena virus corona baru tetap bisa menularkan orang lain setelah berminggu-minggu terinfeksi. Dilansir dari Bloomberg.com, para dokter di China mendeteksi adanya ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus dalam sampel pernapasan dari pasien yang rata-rata 20 hari setelah terinfeksi. Virus COVID-19 baru ini telah menyebar ke 118 negara dan menginfeksi sekitar 125 ribu orang pada kemunculan pertamanya. "Adanya penemuan ini berperan penting dalam pengambilan keputusan isolasi pasien dan penjagaan di sekitarnya selama pengobatan," kata Fei Zhou dari Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Senin (16/03/2020). Pasalnya saat ini periode isolasi pasien virus corona disarankan hanya 14 hari untuk menghindari penyebaran virus. Artinya pasien yang telah dikarantina tanpa sadar tetap berpotensi menularkan virus ini.Sebagai perbandingan, hanya tiga pasien SARS yang masih memendam virus dalam saluran pernapasan setelah empat minggu. Para ilmuwan di China mempelajari catatan medis dan data laboratorium 191 pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Jinyitan dan Rumah Sakit Paru-Paru Wuhan, termasuk 54 pasien yang meninggal karena infeksi.
E. Perkembangbiakan virus
Koronavirus atau Coronavirus (istilah populernya: virus korona , virus corona, atau virus corona) adalah sekumpulan dari virus ini di sebut Orthocoronavirinae dalam keluarga Coronaviridae, dan Ordo Nidovirales.
F. Klasifikasi Virus
(SARS-COV-2) Adalah virus yang menyerang sistem pernapasan. penyakit karena infeksi virus ini di sebut COVID-19. Virus Corona bisa menyebabkan gangguan pada sistem pernapasan, pnuemonia akut, sampai kematian.
G. Penyakit yang disebabkan virus
Penyebab Virus Corona
Infeksi virus Corona atau COVID-19 disebabkan oleh coronavirus, yaitu kelompok virus yang menginfeksi sistem pernapasan. Pada sebagian besar kasus, coronavirus hanya menyebabkan infeksi pernapasan ringan sampai sedang, seperti flu. Akan tetapi, virus ini juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pernapasan berat, seperti pneumonia, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), dan Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Ada dugaan bahwa virus Corona awalnya ditularkan dari hewan ke manusia. Namun, kemudian diketahui bahwa virus Corona juga menular dari manusia ke manusia.Seseorang dapat tertular COVID-19 melalui berbagai cara, yaitu:
• Tidak sengaja menghirup percikan ludah dari bersin atau batuk penderita COVID-19
• Memegang mulut atau hidung tanpa mencuci tangan terlebih dulu setelah menyentuh benda yang terkena cipratan air liur penderita COVID-19
• Kontak jarak dekat dengan penderita COVID-19, misalnya bersentuhan atau berjabat tangan
Virus Corona dapat menginfeksi siapa saja, tetapi efeknya akan lebih berbahaya atau bahkan fatal bila terjadi pada orang lanjut usia, ibu hamil, orang yang sedang sakit, atau orang yang daya tahan tubuhnya lemah.
- Virus Corona merupakan satu jenis virus yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit dan sedang mewabah. Evaluasilah berdasarkan berbagai sumber belajar terkait dengan :
A. Latar Belakang mewabahnya virus corona.
WHO menyatakan wabah penyakit akibar infeksi virus corona tipe baru, covid 19, sebagai pendemi status itu di tetapkan setelah melihat penyebaran virus yang cepat di eropa dalam beberapa hari terakhir dan penyebarannya ke 114 negara.
Direktur Jendral WHO Tedros Adhanom menggunakan kata “Pandemi” untuk menggambarkan
Covid-19 tidak mengubah tingkat ancaman virus ini. apa makna Pandemi ?
Pandemi berasal dari kata Yunani “Pandemo” yang berarti semua orang.
B. Gejala terinfeksi virus corona.
Komplikasi Virus Corona
Pada kasus yang parah, infeksi virus Corona bisa menyebabkan beberapa komplikasi serius berikut ini:
• Pneumonia
• Infeksi sekunder pada organ lain
• Gagal ginjal
• Acute cardiac injury
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Kematian
C. Cara penyebaran Virus Corona.
Penyakit ini menyebar dari orang ke orang melalui Droplet yang keluar dari hidung saat batuk atau bersin
D. Pencegahan terhadap terjangkitnya Virus Corona
Pencegahan Virus Corona
Sampai saat ini, belum ada vaksin untuk mencegah infeksi virus Corona atau COVID-19. Oleh sebab itu, cara pencegahan yang terbaik adalah dengan menghindari faktor-faktor yang bisa menyebabkan Anda terinfeksi virus ini, yaitu:
• Hindari bepergian ke tempat-tempat umum yang ramai pengunjung.
• Gunakan masker saat beraktivitas di tempat umum atau keramaian.
• Rutin mencuci tangan dengan air dan sabun atau hand sanitizer yang mengandung alkohol minimal 60% setelah beraktivitas di luar rumah atau di tempat umum.
• Jangan menyentuh mata, mulut, dan hidung sebelum mencuci tangan.
• Hindari kontak dengan hewan, terutama hewan liar. Bila terjadi kontak dengan hewan, cuci tangan setelahnya.
• Masak daging sampai benar-benar matang sebelum dikonsumsi.
• Tutup mulut dan hidung dengan tisu saat batuk atau bersin, kemudian buang tisu ke tempat sampah.
• Hindari berdekatan dengan orang yang sedang sakit demam, batuk, atau pilek.
• Jaga kebersihan benda yang sering disentuh dan kebersihan lingkungan.
Untuk orang yang diduga terkena COVID-19, ada beberapa langkah yang bisa dilakukan agar virus Corona tidak menular ke orang lain, yaitu:
• Jangan keluar rumah, kecuali untuk mendapatkan pengobatan.
• Periksakan diri ke dokter hanya bila Anda mengalami gejala atau keluhan.
• Usahakan untuk tinggal terpisah dari orang lain untuk sementara waktu. Bila tidak memungkinkan, gunakan kamar tidur dan kamar mandi yang berbeda dengan yang digunakan orang lain.
• Larang dan cegah orang lain untuk mengunjungi atau menjenguk Anda sampai Anda benar-benar sembuh.
• Sebisa mungkin jangan melakukan pertemuan dengan orang yang sedang sedang sakit.
• Hindari berbagi penggunaan alat makan dan minum, alat mandi, serta perlengkapan tidur dengan orang lain.
• Pakai masker dan sarung tangan bila sedang berada di tempat umum atau sedang bersama orang lain.
• Gunakan tisu untuk menutup mulut dan hidung bila batuk atau bersin, lalu segera buang tisu ke tempat sampah.
E. Cara penanganan
Pengobatan Virus Corona
Infeksi virus Corona atau COVID-19 belum bisa diobati, tetapi ada beberapa langkah yang dapat dilakukan dokter untuk meredakan gejalanya dan mencegah penyebaran virus, yaitu:
• Merujuk penderita COVID-19 untuk menjalani perawatan dan karatina di rumah sakit yang ditunjuk
• Memberikan obat pereda demam dan nyeri yang aman dan sesuai kondisi penderita
• Menganjurkan penderita COVID-19 untuk istirahat yang cukup
• Menganjurkan penderita COVID-19 untuk banyak minum air putih untuk menjaga kadar cairan tubuh
4. Setelah memcermati dan mempelajari materi “ Protokol Penanganan Virus Corona “ dari materi alternative atau sumber lain,
a. Rancanglah media informasi sederhana tentang tahapan menerapkan protokol penanganan virus Corona dalam media tertulis. (Dikerjakan dalam lembar Terpisah).
b. Bagaimana harus menanggapi secara bijak saat ada stigma di masyarakat tentang virus corona ?
1. Membersihkan tangan sebelum makan
2. Olahraga secara rutin.
3. Makan-makanan berkhasiat
4. Minum air putih
5. Dan tidak panik
5. Setelah mencermati dan mempelajari materi tentang Cara Hidup Sehat, rancanglah media informasi sederhana tentang bagaimana mengimplementasikan cara hidup sehat. (Dikerjakan dalam lembar terpisah). Materia media informasi memuat :
a. Menjaga kebersihan diri
Membersihkan tangan sebelum makan, Makan-makanan berkhasiat, dan Minum air putih
b. Menjaga kebersihan lingkungan sekitar
Membersihkan lingkungan halaman
c. Cara menjaga kesehatan
Membersihkan tangan sebelum makan, Makan-makanan berkhasiat,Minum air putih, Berolahraga dengan rutin dan Membersihkan lingkungan halaman
d. Olahraga yang aman dan sehat
Berolahraga dengan rutin
6. Setelah mencermati dan mempelajari tentang virus Corona dan merebaknya informasi di berbagai media yang belum tentu kejelasannya atau kebenarannya. Jika menjadi Agen Informasi Covid-19, Jelaskan bagaimana cara bersosialisasi yang bijak di masyarakat agar tindakan dan informasi yang disampaikan saat bersosialisasi membantu pencegahan menyebarnya wabah penyakit yang disebabkan virus Corona ?
Jadi sosialiasi kepada masyarakat apa itu virus corona, bagaimana bisa menular, cara pencegahanya seperti apa, salah satunya adalah etika batuk.
Untuk masyarakat yang sedang mengalami virus corona oleh sebab itu di pindahkan terlebih dahulu ke tempat yang lebih pantas dan biasanya di isolasi. Untuk warga yang tidak mengalami virus tersebut di harapakan menggunakan masker dan menjaga lingkungan sekitar.
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